PTA is a minimally invasive approach to treating peripheral vascular disease, which is characterized by the narrowing of the peripheral arteries. Peripheral arteries are arteries that are located in the kidneys, lower abdomen, legs, arms, or feet. An angiogram is done initially to provide a “road map” of the anatomy. To perform PTA, a catheter with a balloon tip is inserted into the groin. X-ray equipment helps to guide the catheter through the peripheral artery and get it into place. Once the catheter is in place, the balloon tip is inflated in order to expand the artery and compress the plaque that’s causing the blockage. The buildup is pressed against the artery walls, and the diameter of the peripheral artery is enlarged as a result. After the blockage in the peripheral artery is cleared, the balloon is deflated and the catheter is removed.

Local anesthesia and sedation are used to perform PTA. The procedure allows more blood to flow through the artery, therefore increasing the amount of blood that’s supplied downstream. Stents may be placed in specific locations of the artery to help keep it open. Stents are tiny wire mesh tubes that remain permanently in place. They are passed through the catheter and implanted in the peripheral artery.

To prepare for PTA, don’t eat or drink anything for four hours and take your medications with a sip of water unless otherwise instructed. PTA may be performed on an outpatient basis in the hospital setting, or you may be required to stay overnight. You may resume light physical activity shortly after the procedure and resume all activity about a week afterwards.