Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) is performed to open damaged or blocked arteries. During the procedure, a balloon is used to open a narrowed or blocked coronary artery so that blood can circulate unobstructed to the heart muscle. A stent may also be placed within the artery to help keep it open.

How It Works

First, the location and type of blockage must be identified with a coronary angiogram. A guide wire is then inserted through the catheter and into the coronary artery. The tip of the wire is guided across the blockage, and the wire serves as a rail over which the balloon catheter is passed. The balloon catheter is positioned across the blockage and inflated with a with a handheld syringe pump. As the balloon is inflated, it compresses the plaque that makes up the coronary blockage and because the vessel is now wider, blood flow is improved. A stent is then usually placed, which is a wire mesh and often is covered with a special medication, to keep the artery open.

What to Expect

The PTCA and stenting procedure lasts about one to two hours, depending on how long it takes to achieve adequate blood flow in the artery being treated. Do not eat or drink anything after midnight on the night before the procedure. If the procedure is scheduled for later in the day, you may be allowed to have a clear liquid breakfast. The procedure is done in the hospital setting, and you will be instructed as to which medications to take. An overnight stay may potentially be required, so be sure to pack an overnight bag. In addition, arrange to have someone drive you home because you won’t be allowed to drive for a few days after the procedure.